Special Autonomy through Anthropological Approach in Papua Province

Special autonomy in Papua has run for approximately 16 years, which autonomous status is given was based on Law No. 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy for Papua Province effective since January 1st, 2002. The more extensive authority also means bigger responsibility for Papua province and community, yet it can’t be said to be successfully implemented since the social wel- fare of Papua, as seen in indicators of education, health and economy, is still far from expected. There are many drawbacks in the implementation of Law No. 21 of 2001 on Special Autonomy for Papua Province, despite the fact that a largenumber of funds have been spent for 13-14 years’ implementation of special autonomy. The aim of this research is to study and analyze the imple- mentation of special autonomy in Papua Province, specifically by including local characteris- tics into local governance system of Papua Province and to discover new concept/model for the development of public administration especially in relation with the implementation of special autonomy. This research on special autonomy in Papua Province is based on basic/anthropo- logical values of Papuan people as suggested by (Djojosoekarto, Qisai, 2012), which consists of capital, work, social relationship, time, land, and social security. The method used was qualitative with data collection by observation and in-depth interview. The result of research shows that implementation of special autonomy through the anthropological approach in Papua Province has not been implemented radically and comprehensively into fundamental aspects of the life of local people of Papua. Concept recommended for advancement of implementation of special autonomy in Papua is Asymmetric Decentralization based on community needs, by implementa- tion of following efforts: Implementation of food security program, community-based education, empowerment of people based on livelihood, and character building, Improvement of the role of local government as regulator, culture-based development by improving institutional role or institutional consolidation, Accomplishment of community-based facilities and infrastructures in the villages, Building public awareness for social planning.