The Role of Tourism on International Relations: Evidence from the Indonesian Economy

Recent tourism problems have arisen due to the Covid tragedy, which has harmed international relations. This phenomenon requires the attention of scholars. This article examines the effect of global tourism revenues (ITR),
international tourism expenditures (ITE), the number of international tourists arriving (ITA), and the number of international tourists departinG (ITD) on Indonesia's international relations. As a control variable,
industrialization has also been considered in the study. From 1986 until 2020, this article compiles secondary data from the KOF Swiss Economic Institute
and World Development Indicators (WDI). This article also uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the relationship
between the variables. The results suggested that the ITR, ITE, ITA, and ITD, as well as industrialization, are significantly and favorably connected with
Indonesia's international relations. The essay aids policymakers in formulating strategies for enhancing international relations by promoting global tourism.